Immune function: clinical and experimental extract research
3Scope of investigation or explicitly identified community interest; not an established indication.
Immune supportBlend
Thymalin
A thymus-derived peptide extract
Studied forImmune function3
Investigational; this profile does not establish an approved use.
What does it do?
A calf-thymus polypeptide extract used in Russia; it is distinct from thymulin and lacks FDA approval.
Approved & studied uses
Community uses Reported, unvalidated
Immunity
17Age-related immune decline, T-cell maturation and post-treatment/infection recovery.
Inflammation
17Cytokines, asthma and investigational COVID adjunct use.
Aging / repair
17Thymic involution, geroprotection and tissue regeneration; independent replication limited.
Reasons people report using it; these do not establish benefit.17
Evidence limits
View research →Extract variability, study quality and applicability to other products limit safety conclusions.3
3 distinct primary sources or abstracts checked. Evidence may concern a parent compound, individual blend ingredient, animal, or cell model; it does not necessarily establish a benefit for this exact product.
Evidence definitions →Key safety information
All risks →Mixture variability
The extract contains multiple peptides; the name alone does not establish equivalence of independently sourced material.3
Investigational; this profile does not establish an approved use.
Amino-acid sequence
This blend contains multiple compounds and has no single amino-acid sequence.
Reference identity · not independently confirmed17
Multiple componentsComposition varies
LengthMixture; no single residue count
Molecular weight · DaNo single molecular weight
Formula, sequence notation & identity
Polypeptide complex from calf thymus tissue
Sequence and formulation must be confirmed for the exact material; similarly named products are not necessarily interchangeable.
Pep-Pedia identity details
Mixture of short and medium polypeptides · Multi-component extract. Polypeptide fraction up to ~10 kDa. Identified active fragments: EW ~333 Da, KE ~275 Da, EDP ~359 Da.
Reference description; checked chemical identity above takes precedence when available.17
Pharmacokinetics
How long does it stay in the body?
Reported half-lifeHuman kinetics not established3
A single half-life cannot be assigned to this mixture. Pep-Pedia’s numerical plot was not supported by a verified component-specific human study.
Pep-Pedia reference claim
Pep-Pedia lists 30 min. A mixture has no single elimination half-life, so this value is not used to create a blend curve.16
What to expect
Study outcomes
Scope of evidence
Extract variability, study quality and applicability to other products limit safety conclusions.3
Reported timelines
Reference & communitySource expectations
No immediate change days 1–3; small COVID study markers days 7–10; other outcomes weeks/months. Longevity findings concern repeated annual courses.17
These are reported timelines, not a prediction of your response.
Community poll 10 topics · Pep-Pedia snapshot
Voluntary, unverified reports. These percentages do not measure effectiveness or safety.
Experience
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Duration of use
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Age range
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Gender
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Primary goal
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Effectiveness
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Side effects
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Dosage frequency
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Would recommend
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
How discovered
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Source & limitations
The source displays “14 responses” for this profile. This is not a confirmed participant count or a denominator for individual questions.
- Voluntary self-reports from Pep-Pedia visitors; identity, treatment, outcomes and timing are unverified. These data are not efficacy or safety estimates.
- The source displays a profile-wide response label, not a confirmed unique participant count. It stays unchanged across questions. Question-specific denominators and absolute option counts are not exposed.
- Only the top five categories are displayed for some questions. Extra categories are retained as an undisplayed-category count; their labels and percentages are unavailable.
- Displayed percentages are rounded. They may not total 100%, especially where categories are hidden.
- This is a dated snapshot, not a live survey or current recommendation.
Protocols
Doses & schedules
Compare purpose, amount, route, frequency, and duration.
Source corrections
Epitalon and epithalamin evidence is not interchangeable. Reference combination labels are not safety clearance.
Scroll to compare all columns →
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Goal / evidence | Duration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IM | 5-20 mg | Once daily for 3-10 days (total course 30-100 mg) | Russian Label (Adult Immunodeficiency)Reference report | 3-10 days per course; 30-100 mg total per course | 17 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Epitalon and epithalamin evidence is not interchangeable. Reference combination labels are not safety clearance. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IM | 10 mg | Once daily for 10 days | COVID-19 RCT ProtocolReference report | 3-10 days per course; 30-100 mg total per course | 17 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Epitalon and epithalamin evidence is not interchangeable. Reference combination labels are not safety clearance. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IM | Standard 5-10 mg/day course | Once daily for 5-10 days, repeated annually | Geroprotective (Annual Cycle)Reference report | 3-10 days per course; 30-100 mg total per course | 17 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Epitalon and epithalamin evidence is not interchangeable. Reference combination labels are not safety clearance. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IM | 3-5 mg | Once daily for 3-10 days | Pediatric (Russian Label, 7-14 yr)Reference report | 3-10 days per course; 30-100 mg total per course | 17 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Epitalon and epithalamin evidence is not interchangeable. Reference combination labels are not safety clearance. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
No protocols match these filters.
Study and label doses retain their study context. Reference reports are unvalidated practices, not personal treatment instructions. Ranges remain ranges; escalation stages are labeled.
Reported use periods and breaks. These do not establish a safe cycle or prove that breaks prevent tolerance.
Injectable
- Use period
- 3-10 days per course; 30-100 mg total per course
- Break
- Standard interval is every 3-6 months, or annual cycles for geroprotective protocols
Reported timing
Single daily IM injection. No published Cmax/Tmax data because Thymalin is a multi-peptide mixture.
Side effects & safety
Mixture variability
The extract contains multiple peptides; the name alone does not establish equivalence of independently sourced material.
3Clinical interpretation
Comparative disease reports can be affected by allocation differences and concomitant care; they do not validate routine immune enhancement.
3Unknown safety
Incomplete adverse-event reporting; extract composition varies.
Exclusions / caution
Thymic-protein allergy, pregnancy/lactation; transplant and active autoimmune disease concern.
Stop symptoms
Allergy/anaphylaxis, autoimmune flare, persistent local reactions or unexpected systemic illness.
Not a complete safety screen. Discuss health decisions with a qualified clinician.
Combinations & interactions
9 entriesCheck cautions and reported pairings. A compatibility claim does not establish that a combination is safe.
Thymulin
Caution reportedDifferent substance, not substitute.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Use CautionThymogen
Caution reportedDuplicates extract constituent.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Use CautionCorticosteroids
Caution reportedOpposing immune effects.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Monitor CombinationTransplant immunosuppressants
Avoidance reportedPotential immune antagonism.17
Reference report · Evidence context: Avoid combinationChemotherapy / radiotherapy
Caution reportedOncology coordination essential.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Monitor CombinationEpitalon
Unverified pairingOlder longevity-protocol claim.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: SynergisticThymosin Alpha-1
Unverified pairingUntested pairing.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatiblePinealon
Unverified pairingUntested pairing.17
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatibleOther peptides and medicines
Not establishedA controlled interaction assessment for this exact compound and formulation was not identified in the sources checked. Absence of interaction data is not evidence of compatibility.4
Research contextNo matching interactions. Try another name or filter.
Reconstitution
A product-specific preparation or sterility protocol has not been verified.4
Dilution
A concentration calculation cannot establish a suitable diluent, compatibility, storage interval, or sterility. No universal bacteriostatic-water volume is assigned.4
Reference preparation details
Reported handling information, not a validated formulation or instruction to prepare an injectable product.
Injectable
The source prefers saline over BAC water and describes a single-use IM preparation.
- Solvents mentioned
- 0.9% sterile sodium chloride
- Reported parameters
- Reported example: 10 mg vial with 1–2 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. · Dry material: reported 2–8°C. · After mixing: the source says same-day use without storage.
The source describes gentle mixing and avoiding vigorous shaking.
Appearance & documentation
Appearance and a purity certificate cannot establish sterility, identity, or suitability for injection.
Reported appearanceWhite lyophilized powderReported appearanceSealed vial with Samson-Med labelReported appearanceClear reconstituted solutionReported appearanceRefrigerated cold chainReported variationVerify product is Thymalin, not ThymulinReported variationBatch variability for an extractReported variationReconstitute with sterile saline, not BAC waterReported concernCloudy, yellow, or particulate solution
17Available forms
No verified packaging examples included.
Amounts are total blend mass. Formulas and ratios vary. Approved and research products are not interchangeable.
Storage after mixing
Reconstituted research vials
Pep-Pedia reports these handling limits after mixing. They are not validated stability or sterility limits for your vial.
Full storage notes from Pep-Pedia
17Lyophilized: 2-8°C. Reconstituted: use immediately, do not store.
Storage depends on the formulation, diluent, container, and handling. Follow the specific product label or pharmacist’s instructions.
Research findings
Limited human dataSource context
Epitalon and epithalamin evidence is not interchangeable. Reference combination labels are not safety clearance.
Compound identity & other names
Thymalin is a multi-peptide thymus extract, not a single chemically defined peptide. Clinical reports exist, but their results do not establish the effect of an independently sourced extract.
Other names: Thymus peptide extract
Investigational; this profile does not establish an approved use.
How it may work
Multiple constituents are investigated for T-cell maturation and cytokine/gene regulation.17
A limited clinical comparison
The report found different group outcomes in severe COVID-19, but the abstract does not establish causation. It does not validate use in otherwise healthy people.
3Research areas and evidence gaps
Immune function: clinical and experimental extract research. Scope of investigation or explicitly identified community interest; not an established indication.3
- Extract variability, study quality and applicability to other products limit safety conclusions.
- The evidence does not validate the identity, purity or handling of a separately sourced research product.
Community reports Unvalidated
Pep-Pedia reports use in the research-peptide community. These reports are not clinical evidence.4
Community protocol tables are unvalidated descriptions, not treatment instructions.
Search coverage and review status
Additional primary or regulatory sources were checked. No further 2025–2026 exact-compound clinical outcome study was identified in this targeted search; this is not evidence that none exists.
- Checked
- 2026-10-12
- Search
- Thymalin 2025 2026 trial study; Thymalin 36169363
- Catalog
- Pep-Pedia ↗ · 13 listed references retained
- Targeted search, not a systematic or exhaustive review.
- Retained bibliography entries marked Bibliography only have not been independently verified.
- Distinct URLs may refer to the same publication; component and formulation boundaries remain important.
AI-prepared summaries. Independent medical editorial review is pending.
References
Original sources and review status. Open a reference to read its summary.
1Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell LineAbstract checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Vilon and other peptides were tested for signaling effects in a monocytic cell line.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
2Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell LineAbstract checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Vilon and other peptides were tested for signaling effects in a monocytic cell line.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
3Morphological composition and blood clotting indicators in severe COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab or thymalinAbstract checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
A comparative clinical report observed different mortality and blood measures among treatment groups; allocation and confounding limit interpretation.
A limited clinical comparison
The report found different group outcomes in severe COVID-19, but the abstract does not establish causation. It does not validate use in otherwise healthy people.
Additional research · Checked 2026-10-12
4Pep-Pedia: ThymalinCommunity source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Secondary community overview checked on 12 October 2026. Its practice tables and efficacy claims are not independently validated clinical guidance.
5Khavinson VKh, Kuznik BI, Trofimova SV, Lukyanov SA, Rutkovskaya VN (2021). Results and Prospects of Using Activator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation in Complex Therapy for Patients with COVID-19. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 17(1), 285-290.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: The small open-label COVID study reported lymphocyte and inflammatory-marker changes; lack of blinding and independent replication limits confidence.
Reported population / model
Human
Reported study details
n=92 · 10 mg/day IM x 10 days · Single-center, open-label
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
6Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG (2003). Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 24(3-4), 233-240.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: The observational report describes large mortality differences with thymic/pineal extracts; unblinded follow-up cannot establish an anti-aging treatment effect.
Reported population / model
Human
Reported study details
n=266 elderly · 6-8 year follow-up · Open-label observational
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
7Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, et al. (2020). Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 170(1), 118-122.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Cultured blood stem cells showed lower CD44/CD117 and higher CD28, consistent with a differentiation hypothesis rather than proven patient immune benefit.
Reported population / model
Human HSCs
Reported study details
In vitro · Bull. Exp. Biol. Med.
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
8Linkova N, Khavinson V, Diatlova A, et al. (2023). The Influence of KE and EW Dipeptides in the Composition of the Thymalin Drug on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Involved in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(17), 13377.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Isolated KE/EW peptides reduced TNF-alpha more than the whole complex in stimulated cells; docking proposed DNA interactions, not clinical efficacy.
Reported population / model
Human PBMCs
Reported study details
LPS-stimulated · Molecular docking + in vitro
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
9Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Chalisova NI, Ivko OM (2021). The Use of Thymalin for Immunocorrection and Molecular Aspects of Biological Activity. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 11(4), 377-382.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: A narrative review by the main research group summarizes fragments, mechanisms and clinical reports; independent confirmation remains important.
Reported population / model
Narrative review
Reported study details
Biology Bulletin Reviews
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
10Wolf E, Milazzo S, Boehm K, Zwahlen M, Horneber M (2011). Thymic peptides for treatment of cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD003993.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
11Khavinson VKh, Kuznik BI, Trofimova SV, Lukyanov SA, Rutkovskaya VN (2021). Results and Prospects of Using Activator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation in Complex Therapy for Patients with COVID-19. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 17(1), 285-290.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
12Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Chalisova NI, Ivko OM (2021). The Use of Thymalin for Immunocorrection and Molecular Aspects of Biological Activity. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 11(4), 377-382.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
13Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, et al. (2020). Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 170(1), 118-122.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
14Linkova N, Khavinson V, Diatlova A, et al. (2023). The Influence of KE and EW Dipeptides in the Composition of the Thymalin Drug on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Involved in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(17), 13377.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
15Wolf E, Milazzo S, Boehm K, Zwahlen M, Horneber M (2011). Thymic peptides for treatment of cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD003993.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
16Pep-Pedia: Thymalin — reported pharmacokineticsReference estimate; not independently verified human PKCommunity source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Lists a half-life of 30 min and a peak time of 3 min. Stated attribution: Khavinson et al. 2021 Biology Bulletin Reviews. This value is reported by a secondary reference. The stated attribution has not been independently verified as a route- and formulation-matched human PK measurement. Five half-lives is not complete clearance, and the source’s “cleared” value is not used as a measured endpoint.
Secondary reference page checked; the underlying quantitative claim is not independently confirmed. · Checked 2026-10-12
17Pep-Pedia: Thymalin — route-specific referenceReference page checked; underlying claims require separate verification.Community source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Source page checked across available routes. Protocols, cycles, storage, mechanisms and pairing claims are secondary reports; checking the page does not independently validate those claims. Original concise summaries are used here.
Content coverage audit · Checked 2026-10-12