Vascular aging: experimental and limited clinical biomarker research
1Scope of investigation or explicitly identified community interest; not an established indication.
Longevity
Vesugen
KED and vascular-aging research
Studied forBlood-vessel aging1
Investigational; this profile does not establish an approved use.
What does it do?
A KED bioregulator with mostly laboratory evidence and small uncontrolled human studies; established clinical efficacy is lacking.
Approved & studied uses
Community uses Reported, unvalidated
Vascular
18Endothelial aging, atherosclerosis and lower-limb perfusion/vasculogenic ED research.
Aging
18Stem-cell senescence and observational aging markers.
Neural
18Alzheimer mouse/spine findings and neuronal differentiation.
Reasons people report using it; these do not establish benefit.18
Evidence limits
View research →Small biomarker studies do not establish lifespan benefit or long-term vascular safety.1
2 distinct primary sources or abstracts checked. Evidence may concern a parent compound, individual blend ingredient, animal, or cell model; it does not necessarily establish a benefit for this exact product.
Evidence definitions →Key safety information
All risks →Surrogate outcomes
Aging biomarkers do not demonstrate prevention of disability, vascular events or death.1
Investigational; this profile does not establish an approved use.
Length3 amino acids
Molecular weight · Da390.39 Da
Formula, sequence notation & identity
Lys-Glu-Asp (H-K-E-D-OH)Identity reported by Pep-Pedia; exact-product sequence and modifications have not been independently confirmed.
Lys–Glu–Asp (KED); distinct from AED/Cartalax
Sequence and formulation must be confirmed for the exact material; similarly named products are not necessarily interchangeable.
Pep-Pedia identity details
3 amino acids (tripeptide) · 390.39 Da
Lys-Glu-Asp (H-K-E-D-OH)Reference description; checked chemical identity above takes precedence when available.18
Pharmacokinetics
How long does it stay in the body?
Unverified reference estimateNot independently confirmed
Reference half-life15 min17
Route / formulationSource page: Injectable. Exact PK route not verified.
This value is reported by a secondary reference. The stated attribution has not been independently verified as a route- and formulation-matched human PK measurement.
50%of reference level
Illustrative scenario using an unverified reference estimate.
About 3% remaining after 1.25 h
Five half-lives in this estimated model. This is not a prediction of when effects stop.
Evidence and model details
Population: Not established by the reference estimate
Source’s stated attribution: Khavinson et al. 2021 Pharmaceuticals (PMID 34071923, with 2025 correction PMID 39861198)
Source’s reported peak time: 2 min. This has not been independently confirmed and is not used in the elimination curve.
100 × 2−time / half-life. Time zero is a reference level, not the moment of administration. Absorption, repeated dosing, metabolites and clinical effects are not modeled. Five half-lives leaves 3.125%, not zero. This curve cannot determine a dosing interval.
What to expect
Study outcomes
Scope of evidence
Small biomarker studies do not establish lifespan benefit or long-term vascular safety.1
Reported timelines
Reference & communityResearch timing
Cell endpoints 3–7 days; mouse neural endpoints two months. No published human symptom timeline.18
These are reported timelines, not a prediction of your response.
Community poll 10 topics · Pep-Pedia snapshot
Voluntary, unverified reports. These percentages do not measure effectiveness or safety.
Experience
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Duration of use
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Age range
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Would recommend
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Gender
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Primary goal
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Effectiveness
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Side effects
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Dosage frequency
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
How discovered
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Source & limitations
The source displays “24 responses” for this profile. This is not a confirmed participant count or a denominator for individual questions.
- Voluntary self-reports from Pep-Pedia visitors; identity, treatment, outcomes and timing are unverified. These data are not efficacy or safety estimates.
- The source displays a profile-wide response label, not a confirmed unique participant count. It stays unchanged across questions. Question-specific denominators and absolute option counts are not exposed.
- Only the top five categories are displayed for some questions. Extra categories are retained as an undisplayed-category count; their labels and percentages are unavailable.
- Displayed percentages are rounded. They may not total 100%, especially where categories are hidden.
- This is a dated snapshot, not a live survey or current recommendation.
Protocols
Doses & schedules
Compare purpose, amount, route, frequency, and duration.
Source corrections
2021 Alzheimer-model paper has a 2025 correction; cite both. Source compatibility is not clinical clearance.
No verified human protocol or quantified community report included.
Study and label doses retain their study context. Reference reports are unvalidated practices, not personal treatment instructions. Ranges remain ranges; escalation stages are labeled.
Reported use periods and breaks. These do not establish a safe cycle or prove that breaks prevent tolerance.
Injectable
- Use period
- 2 months in the mouse 5xFAD model. Khavinson human observational studies typically reference 10-30 day courses for the BAFS oral line; not validated by published PK.
- Break
- Khavinson gerontology protocols reference annual courses; no published evidence-based interval.
Reported timing
Short peptides of this class are typically dosed daily during the course. No measured Cmax / Tmax / half-life has been published.
Animal and cell protocols 1
Laboratory exposures cannot establish a human dose.
Scroll to compare all columns →
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Goal / evidence | Duration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OtherIP (mouse) | 400 mcg/kg | Once daily for 2 months | Mouse 5xFAD Alzheimer Model (PMID 34071923)Reference report | 2 months in the mouse 5xFAD model. Khavinson human observational studies typically reference 10-30 day courses for the BAFS oral line; not validated by published PK. | 18 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. 2021 Alzheimer-model paper has a 2025 correction; cite both. Source compatibility is not clinical clearance. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
No protocols match these filters.
Side effects & safety
Surrogate outcomes
Aging biomarkers do not demonstrate prevention of disability, vascular events or death.
1Reporting quality
The small human report has inconsistent participant totals and limited design information in its abstract.
1Concerning biomarker signals
The human report also described pro-oxidant activity and decreased CD34-positive blood cells. Clinical significance and causality require clarification.
1Unknown safety
No structured phase-1 safety/PK; no-event reports are not proof. Pregnancy, pediatric and organ-impairment use unstudied.
Stop symptoms
Allergy, chest pain, palpitations, fainting, severe local reactions or unexpected systemic illness.
Not a complete safety screen. Discuss health decisions with a qualified clinician.
Combinations & interactions
9 entriesCheck cautions and reported pairings. A compatibility claim does not establish that a combination is safe.
Antihypertensives / vasodilators
Caution reportedIncludes ACE/ARB, calcium-channel and PDE5 drugs; theoretical.18
Reference report · Evidence context: Monitor combinationAnticoagulants / antiplatelets
Caution reportedWarfarin/DOAC interaction unknown.18
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Monitor CombinationVilon
Caution reportedPotential mechanistic redundancy.18
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Use CautionEpitalon
Unverified pairingNo published interaction trial.18
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: SynergisticPinealon
Unverified pairingOlder observational pairing.18
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatibleCartalax
Unverified pairingUntested pairing.18
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatibleCardiogen
Unverified pairingUntested pairing.18
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatibleImmunosuppressants
Unverified pairingNo data.18
Reference report · Evidence context: UnknownOther peptides and medicines
Not establishedA controlled interaction assessment for this exact compound and formulation was not identified in the sources checked. Absence of interaction data is not evidence of compatibility.3
Research contextNo matching interactions. Try another name or filter.
Reconstitution
A product-specific preparation or sterility protocol has not been verified.3
Dilution
A concentration calculation cannot establish a suitable diluent, compatibility, storage interval, or sterility. No universal bacteriostatic-water volume is assigned.3
Reference preparation details
Reported handling information, not a validated formulation or instruction to prepare an injectable product.
Injectable
Pep-Pedia labels its preparation and storage guidance as conventions from related short peptides, not human PK data.
- Solvents mentioned
- 0.9% sterile sodium chloride / Bacteriostatic water
- Reported parameters
- Dry and prepared material: reported 2–8°C. · Reported prepared-solution interval: 7–10 days. · Community concentration example: 10 mg in 1–2 mL.
The source describes gentle mixing and avoiding vigorous shaking.
Appearance & documentation
Appearance and a purity certificate cannot establish sterility, identity, or suitability for injection.
Reported appearanceWhite lyophilized powderReported appearanceSealed vial with batch and expiryReported appearanceClear reconstituted solutionReported appearanceRefrigerated cold chainReported variationVerify sequence is KEDReported variationResearch-grade onlyReported concernCloudy, yellow, or particulate solution
18Available forms
No verified packaging examples included.
Packaging examples, not a market survey. Approved and research products are not interchangeable.
Storage after mixing
Reconstituted research vials
Pep-Pedia reports these handling limits after mixing. They are not validated stability or sterility limits for your vial.
Full storage notes from Pep-Pedia
18Lyophilized: 2-8°C. Reconstituted: 2-8°C, use within 7-10 days.
Storage depends on the formulation, diluent, container, and handling. Follow the specific product label or pharmacist’s instructions.
Research findings
Limited human dataSource context
2021 Alzheimer-model paper has a 2025 correction; cite both. Source compatibility is not clinical clearance.
Compound identity & other names
Vesugen is the KED tripeptide. A small human report and experimental studies explore metabolic, vascular and aging-related measures, but clinically meaningful benefits remain uncertain.
Other names: KED
Investigational; this profile does not establish an approved use.
How it may work
Proposed endothelial gene regulation involves endothelin, connexins, SIRT1 and cell-aging markers.18
A small human biomarker report
A report described adults aged 41–83 with chronic multimorbidity. Surrogate measures do not establish cardiovascular-event prevention or longer lifespan; participant totals in the abstract are inconsistent.
1Research areas and evidence gaps
Vascular aging: experimental and limited clinical biomarker research. Scope of investigation or explicitly identified community interest; not an established indication.1
- Small biomarker studies do not establish lifespan benefit or long-term vascular safety.
- The evidence does not validate the identity, purity or handling of a separately sourced research product.
Community reports Unvalidated
Pep-Pedia reports use in the research-peptide community. These reports are not clinical evidence.3
No verified human schedule established.
Community protocol tables are unvalidated descriptions, not treatment instructions.
Search coverage and review status
Additional recent evidence was checked, including Correction: Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides—Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. See individual source summaries for findings and limitations.
- Checked
- 2026-10-12
- Search
- Vesugen peptide study; Vesugen 26390612; 39861198
- Catalog
- Pep-Pedia ↗ · 13 listed references retained
- Targeted search, not a systematic or exhaustive review.
- Retained bibliography entries marked Bibliography only have not been independently verified.
- Distinct URLs may refer to the same publication; component and formulation boundaries remain important.
AI-prepared summaries. Independent medical editorial review is pending.
References
Original sources and review status. Open a reference to read its summary.
1Effect of synthetic peptides on aging of patients with chronic polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome of the central nervous system in remissionAbstract checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
A small clinical report assessed aging and metabolic biomarkers in people with multiple chronic conditions.
A small human biomarker report
A report described adults aged 41–83 with chronic multimorbidity. Surrogate measures do not establish cardiovascular-event prevention or longer lifespan; participant totals in the abstract are inconsistent.
Additional research · Checked 2026-10-12
2Correction: Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides—Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s DiseasePrimary source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
The authors corrected duplicated Figures 5 and 8 in the 2021 mouse study and stated that the scientific conclusions were unaffected.
Additional research · Checked 2026-10-12
3Pep-Pedia: VesugenCommunity source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Secondary community overview checked on 12 October 2026. Its practice tables and efficacy claims are not independently validated clinical guidance.
4Khavinson V, Ilina A, Kraskovskaya N, Linkova N, Kolchina N, Mironova E, Erofeev A, Petukhov M (2021). Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides - Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 14(6), 515.This paper has a 2025 correction for duplicated Figures 5 and 8. See the linked correction; the authors state the conclusions are unaffected.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: KED preserved some mouse hippocampal spine measures with sex differences; the source flags a 2025 correction that must accompany interpretation.
Reported population / model
Mouse
Reported study details
400 mcg/kg IP daily · 2 months · 5xFAD transgenic
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here. This paper has a 2025 correction for duplicated Figures 5 and 8. See the linked correction; the authors state the conclusions are unaffected.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
5Kozlov KL, Bolotov II, Linkova NS, Drobintseva AO, Khavinson VKh, Dyakonov MM, Kozina LS (2016). Molecular aspects of vasoprotective peptide KED activity during atherosclerosis and restenosis. Advances in Gerontology, 29(4), 646-650.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Cultured vascular cells showed endothelin, connexin and SIRT1 changes; the source identifies a single-laboratory evidence base.
Reported population / model
In vitro
Reported study details
Cultured vascular cells · Russian-language
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
6Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Evlashkina EV, Durnova AO, Kozlov KL, Gutop OE (2014). Molecular aspects of anti-atherosclerotic effects of short peptides. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 158(1), 159-163.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Rat/cell models showed lower E-selectin/p53 and higher Ki-67; these endpoints do not demonstrate reduced clinical atherosclerosis.
Reported population / model
Wistar rat + in vitro
Reported study details
KED among peptides tested
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
7Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Aging (Adv Gerontol, 2014)Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Aged endothelial cultures showed higher Ki-67, while docking suggested promoter interaction; computational binding is not in-vivo confirmation.
Reported population / model
In vitro + molecular docking
Reported study details
Aged endothelial cells
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
8Kitachev KV, Sazonov AB, Kozlov KL, Petrov KIu, Sliusarev AS, Khavinson VKh (2014). The efficacy of peptide bioregulators of vessels in lower limbs chronic arterial insufficiency treatment in old and elderly people. Advances in Gerontology, 27(1), 156-159.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: An uncontrolled 41-person study described improved penile arterial flow; dose and schedule were absent from the English abstract.
Reported population / model
Human
Reported study details
n=41 · Uncontrolled · Russian-language
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
9Sinjari B, Diomede F, Khavinson V, et al. (2020). Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 16(1), 159-166.Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Cultured oral-tissue stem cells had lower p16/p21 expression; reduced markers do not establish reversal of human aging.
Reported population / model
In vitro
Reported study details
Human PDLSC and GMSC · Italian-Russian
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
10Khavinson V, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Trofimova S (2021). Peptide KED: Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Neurogenesis Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 171(2), 190-193.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
11Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Polyakova VO, Kheifets OV, Tarnovskaya SI, Kvetnoy IM (2012). Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 153(1), 148-151.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
12Khavinson V, Ilina A, Kraskovskaya N, Linkova N, Kolchina N, Mironova E, Erofeev A, Petukhov M (2021). Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides - Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 14(6), 515.This paper has a 2025 correction for duplicated Figures 5 and 8. See the linked correction; the authors state the conclusions are unaffected.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
13Khavinson V, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Trofimova S (2021). Peptide KED: Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Neurogenesis Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 171(2), 190-193.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
14Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Evlashkina EV, Durnova AO, Kozlov KL, Gutop OE (2014). Molecular aspects of anti-atherosclerotic effects of short peptides. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 158(1), 159-163.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
15Sinjari B, Diomede F, Khavinson V, et al. (2020). Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 16(1), 159-166.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
16Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Polyakova VO, Kheifets OV, Tarnovskaya SI, Kvetnoy IM (2012). Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 153(1), 148-151.Linked reference · Not independently reviewed
REFERENCE NOTE
Reference retained from Pep-Pedia’s bibliography. The original source and the website’s description have not been independently verified; the listed title may not match the linked record.
Pep-Pedia bibliography · Checked 2026-10-12
17Pep-Pedia: Vesugen — reported pharmacokineticsReference estimate; not independently verified human PKCommunity source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Lists a half-life of 15 min and a peak time of 2 min. Stated attribution: Khavinson et al. 2021 Pharmaceuticals (PMID 34071923, with 2025 correction PMID 39861198). This value is reported by a secondary reference. The stated attribution has not been independently verified as a route- and formulation-matched human PK measurement. Five half-lives is not complete clearance, and the source’s “cleared” value is not used as a measured endpoint.
Secondary reference page checked; the underlying quantitative claim is not independently confirmed. · Checked 2026-10-12
18Pep-Pedia: Vesugen — route-specific referenceReference page checked; underlying claims require separate verification.Community source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Source page checked across available routes. Protocols, cycles, storage, mechanisms and pairing claims are secondary reports; checking the page does not independently validate those claims. Original concise summaries are used here.
Content coverage audit · Checked 2026-10-12