Metabolism and heart-failure research
2Direct infusion studies; oral NR/NMN are different interventions.
LongevityCoenzyme
NAD+
Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Studied forMetabolism · heart failure2
Direct NAD+ wellness infusions are not an established FDA-approved anti-aging treatment.
What does it do?
Essential redox coenzyme; its normal cellular role does not prove that added NAD+ improves energy, cognition or lifespan. NR/NMN are distinct precursors.
Approved & studied uses
Community uses Reported, unvalidated
Energy and metabolism
10Source claims exercise/glucose/fat benefits; outcome evidence is limited.
Cellular aging
10DNA-repair/sirtuin and senescence hypotheses, not demonstrated longevity.
Brain/mood
10Cognition, stress and neurological claims; nasal superiority unverified.
Skin
10Topical hydration, barrier and aging claims; not a sunscreen substitute.
Reasons people report using it; these do not establish benefit.10
Evidence limits
View research →Research-market product identity, purity and formulation cannot be established from a publication.1
2 distinct primary sources or abstracts checked. Evidence may concern a parent compound, individual blend ingredient, animal, or cell model; it does not necessarily establish a benefit for this exact product.
Evidence definitions →Key safety information
All risks →Human safety is unresolved
The checked material does not establish a human adverse-event rate or safe self-use regimen for this exact product.3
Direct NAD+ wellness infusions are not an established FDA-approved anti-aging treatment.
Amino-acid sequence
An exact sequence has not been verified for this formulation.
Reference identity · not independently confirmed10
LengthDinucleotide (2 nucleotides)
Molecular weight · Da663.43 Da
Formula, sequence notation & identity
Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Salt, hydration, glycosylation and blend composition may change the supplied material; no unsupported formula or mass is assigned.
Pep-Pedia identity details
Dinucleotide (2 nucleotides) · 663.43 Da
Adenine-Ribose-Phosphate-Phosphate-Ribose-NicotinamideReference description; checked chemical identity above takes precedence when available.10
Pharmacokinetics
How long does it stay in the body?
Unverified reference estimateNot independently confirmed
Reference half-life45 min9
Route / formulationSource page: Injectable. Exact PK route not verified.
This value is reported by a secondary reference. The stated attribution has not been independently verified as a route- and formulation-matched human PK measurement.
50%of reference level
Illustrative scenario using an unverified reference estimate.
About 3% remaining after 3.75 h
Five half-lives in this estimated model. This is not a prediction of when effects stop.
Evidence and model details
Population: Not established by the reference estimate
Source’s stated attribution: Various NAD+ infusion studies
Source’s reported peak time: 30 min. This has not been independently confirmed and is not used in the elimination curve.
100 × 2−time / half-life. Time zero is a reference level, not the moment of administration. Absorption, repeated dosing, metabolites and clinical effects are not modeled. Five half-lives leaves 3.125%, not zero. This curve cannot determine a dosing interval.
What to expect
Study outcomes
Infusion pilot measured metabolism
The small 2019 pilot followed plasma and urine changes, not anti-aging, cognitive or performance outcomes.1
A newer clinical trial is disease-specific
In 180 adults with ischemic-cardiomyopathy heart failure, one-month LVEF was higher with NAD+; the six-month composite-event difference was not statistically significant (p=0.089). This is not wellness evidence.2
Community poll 10 topics · Pep-Pedia snapshot
Voluntary, unverified reports. These percentages do not measure effectiveness or safety.
Experience
The source hides 1 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Duration of use
The source hides 7 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Age range
The source hides 1 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Gender
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Primary goal
The source hides 11 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Effectiveness
The source hides 31 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Side effects
The source hides 36 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Dosage frequency
The source hides 17 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Would recommend
The source hides 22 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
How discovered
The source hides 9 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.
Source & limitations
The source displays “4947 responses” for this profile. This is not a confirmed participant count or a denominator for individual questions.
- Voluntary self-reports from Pep-Pedia visitors; identity, treatment, outcomes and timing are unverified. These data are not efficacy or safety estimates.
- The source displays a profile-wide response label, not a confirmed unique participant count. It stays unchanged across questions. Question-specific denominators and absolute option counts are not exposed.
- Only the top five categories are displayed for some questions. Extra categories are retained as an undisplayed-category count; their labels and percentages are unavailable.
- Displayed percentages are rounded. They may not total 100%, especially where categories are hidden.
- This is a dated snapshot, not a live survey or current recommendation.
Protocols
Doses & schedules
Compare purpose, amount, route, frequency, and duration.
Source corrections
Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit.
Route
Scroll to compare all columns →
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Goal / evidence | Duration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVIntravenous | 750 mg total | Single six-hour infusion | Infusion-metabolism pilotHuman study | One study session | 1 |
Population Eight NAD+ recipients; three saline controls Context Studied under protocol supervision; this is not a self-administration recommendation. | |||||
| IVIntravenous | 10 mg | Daily | Heart-failure adjunct researchHuman study | 7 days | 2 |
Population Adults with ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF ≤45%, NYHA II–III Context Alongside guideline-directed therapy in a single-center trial. | |||||
| IMIntramuscular | 100-250 mg | 1-2x weekly | General Wellness & EnergyReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source route wording IV or IM Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IVIntravenous | 100-250 mg | 1-2x weekly | General Wellness & EnergyReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source route wording IV or IM Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IVIV infusion | 250-500 mg | 2-3x weekly | Anti-Aging ProtocolReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IVIV infusion | 500-1000 mg | 1-2x weekly | Cognitive EnhancementReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IMIM injection | 250-500 mg | 2x weekly | Athletic PerformanceReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IVIV infusion | 500-1000 mg | 3x weekly | Recovery & RepairReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| SubQSubcutaneous | 100-250 mg | 1x weekly | Maintenance TherapyReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source route wording SubQ or IM Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| IMIntramuscular | 100-250 mg | 1x weekly | Maintenance TherapyReference report | 8-12 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source route wording SubQ or IM Source tabs Injectable | |||||
| OralOral capsule | 100-200 mg NR/NMN | Once daily | Basic NAD+ SupportReference report | Continuous use | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Oral | |||||
| OralOral capsule | 250-500 mg NR/NMN | Once daily | Enhanced WellnessReference report | Continuous use | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Oral | |||||
| OralOral capsule | 500-1000 mg NR/NMN | Divided twice daily | Performance SupportReference report | Continuous use | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Oral | |||||
| TopicalTopical application | 1-2% NAD+ cream | Once daily | General Skin HealthReference report | Continuous use | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Topical | |||||
| TopicalTopical application | 3-5% NAD+ serum | Twice daily | Anti-Aging ProtocolReference report | Continuous use | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Topical | |||||
| IntranasalNasal spray | 25 mg (1 spray each nostril) | Once daily | Cognitive EnhancementReference report | 4-8 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Nasal | |||||
| IntranasalNasal spray | 50 mg (2 sprays each nostril) | Once daily | NeuroprotectionReference report | 4-8 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Nasal | |||||
| IntranasalNasal spray | 25-50 mg | As needed, max 2x daily | Acute Cognitive SupportReference report | 4-8 weeks with evaluation | 10 |
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit. Source tabs Nasal | |||||
No protocols match these filters.
Study and label doses retain their study context. Reference reports are unvalidated practices, not personal treatment instructions. Ranges remain ranges; escalation stages are labeled.
Reported use periods and breaks. These do not establish a safe cycle or prove that breaks prevent tolerance.
Injectable
- Use period
- 8-12 weeks with evaluation
- Break
- 4-8 weeks between intensive cycles
Reported timing
Morning preferred for energy benefits
Oral
- Use period
- Continuous use
- Break
- Not required for precursors
Reported timing
Morning on empty stomach
Topical
- Use period
- Continuous use
- Break
- Not typically required
Reported timing
Morning and/or evening after cleansing
Nasal
- Use period
- 4-8 weeks with evaluation
- Break
- 2-4 weeks between cycles
Reported timing
Morning for cognitive enhancement
Side effects & safety
Human safety is unresolved
The checked material does not establish a human adverse-event rate or safe self-use regimen for this exact product.
3Administration effects
IV requires clinical supervision; nausea, weakness, local reactions/infection or allergy.
Oral/topical/nasal effects
GI upset, rash/burning, nasal bleeding/infection or headache; breathing difficulty needs urgent assessment.
Not a complete safety screen. Discuss health decisions with a qualified clinician.
Combinations & interactions
8 entriesCheck cautions and reported pairings. A compatibility claim does not establish that a combination is safe.
Alcohol
Avoidance reportedMetabolic rationale, not a measured interaction study.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Avoid CombinationBPC-157
Unverified pairingUntested cellular-repair claim.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: SynergisticTB-500
Unverified pairingUntested regeneration claim.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: SynergisticTirzepatide
Unverified pairingSafety unestablished.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatibleIpamorelin
Unverified pairingUntested energy/GH claim.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: SynergisticCJC-1295
Unverified pairingUntested recovery claim.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: CompatibleL-carnitine
Unverified pairingTheoretical energy complement.10
Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: SynergisticOther medicines and research compounds
Not establishedNo clinical interaction study for the exact proposed combination was verified; absence of evidence does not establish compatibility.3
Research contextNo matching interactions. Try another name or filter.
Reconstitution
No universal bacteriostatic-water volume or validated preparation method is established for this entry.3
Reference preparation details
Reported handling information, not a validated formulation or instruction to prepare an injectable product.
Injectable
The source reports 2–3 mL for a 500 mg vial.
- Solvents mentioned
- Bacteriostatic water
- Reported parameters
- That corresponds to approximately 167–250 mg/mL. · Reported storage: refrigeration after mixing.
The source describes gentle mixing and avoiding vigorous shaking.
Oral
The oral section describes capsules stored cool, dry and away from light.
- Form
- Source describes a prepared product
Topical
The topical section describes a finished skin product; it supplies no mixing recipe.
- Form
- Source describes a prepared product
Nasal
The nasal section describes administration of an existing spray; it supplies no formulation recipe.
- Form
- Source describes a prepared product
Appearance & documentation
Appearance and a purity certificate cannot establish sterility, identity, or suitability for injection.
Reported appearanceClear, colorless solutionReported appearanceProper refrigerationReported appearanceSterile techniqueReported variationReconstitution timingReported concernCloudy or discolored solutionReported concernRoom temperature storage
10Available forms
No verified packaging examples included.
Packaging examples, not a market survey. Approved and research products are not interchangeable.
Storage after mixing
Reconstituted research vials
Pep-Pedia reports these handling limits after mixing. They are not validated stability or sterility limits for your vial.
Full storage notes from Pep-Pedia
10Refrigerate 2-8°C, use within 28 days after reconstitution
Room temperature, dry location
Room temperature, avoid direct sunlight
Refrigerate 2-8°C, keep spray tip clean
Storage depends on the formulation, diluent, container, and handling. Follow the specific product label or pharmacist’s instructions.
Research findings
Limited human dataSource context
Source compatibility, cellular uptake and '100% bioavailability' claims do not establish route-specific clinical benefit.
Compound identity & other names
An essential cellular coenzyme. Direct NAD+ infusion evidence is limited and must be distinguished from trials of oral precursors such as NR and NMN.
Direct NAD+ wellness infusions are not an established FDA-approved anti-aging treatment.
How it may work
Energy/redox, PARP and sirtuin pathways; injection, oral precursor, topical and nasal exposure cannot be assumed equivalent.10
Infusion pilot measured metabolism
The small 2019 pilot followed plasma and urine changes, not anti-aging, cognitive or performance outcomes.
1A newer clinical trial is disease-specific
In 180 adults with ischemic-cardiomyopathy heart failure, one-month LVEF was higher with NAD+; the six-month composite-event difference was not statistically significant (p=0.089). This is not wellness evidence.
2Research areas and evidence gaps
Metabolism and heart-failure research. Direct infusion studies; oral NR/NMN are different interventions.2
- Research-market product identity, purity and formulation cannot be established from a publication.
Community reports Unvalidated
Wellness discussions as described by Pep-Pedia.3
No representative survey, independently verified products, or controlled outcomes.
Search coverage and review status
The targeted check identified relevant additional literature or current regulatory information; checked findings are separated from retained bibliography-only references.
- Checked
- 2026-10-12
- Search
- NAD+ intravenous 2025 2026 trial site:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Catalog
- Pep-Pedia ↗ · 5 listed references retained
- Targeted search, not an exhaustive systematic review.
- Bibliography-only entries are retained for traceability and are not treated as verified findings.
AI-prepared summaries. Independent medical editorial review is pending.
References
Original sources and review status. Open a reference to read its summary.
1Human NAD+ metabolome during a six-hour intravenous infusionPrimary source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pilot with eight NAD+ recipients and three controls measured metabolites during a 750 mg six-hour infusion; it did not establish wellness efficacy.
Infusion pilot measured metabolism
The small 2019 pilot followed plasma and urine changes, not anti-aging, cognitive or performance outcomes.
Additional research · Checked 2026-10-12
2NAD+ in ischemic-cardiomyopathy heart failure: randomized trialAbstract checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Single-center 180-participant trial used 10 mg/day IV for seven days alongside standard treatment; one-month LVEF improved, but six-month event differences were not statistically significant.
A newer clinical trial is disease-specific
In 180 adults with ischemic-cardiomyopathy heart failure, one-month LVEF was higher with NAD+; the six-month composite-event difference was not statistically significant (p=0.089). This is not wellness evidence.
Additional research · Checked 2026-10-12
3Pep-Pedia: NAD+ — community referenceCommunity source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Accessed October 12, 2026. Secondary descriptions and bibliography; community schedules are unvalidated reports, not recommendations.
4Intranasal NAD+ for Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Intranasal NAD+ reportedly protected several hippocampal regions and reduced microglial activation after rat brain injury.
Reported population / model
Rats
Reported study details
20 mg/kg intranasal · Post-TBI treatment · Hippocampal neuroprotection
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
5Nicotinamide Riboside Safety & Metabolism Study (2019)Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Oral nicotinamide riboside raised NAD-related metabolites over eight weeks; precursor results do not establish IV or injected NAD+ benefits.
Reported population / model
Human
Reported study details
100-1000mg oral daily · 8 weeks · Well-tolerated, increased NAD+
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
6Age-Associated NAD+ Decline in Human Tissue (2012)Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: The source describes age-related NAD+ reductions in tissue samples associated with oxidative stress; the organ-specific human attribution requires confirmation.
Reported population / model
Human tissue analysis
Reported study details
Multiple organs studied · Cross-sectional · 10-50% decline with age
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
7Nicotinamide Riboside Bioavailability in Humans (2016)Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: Oral NR caused dose-related blood-metabolome changes, including NAAD; it is a precursor study rather than direct NAD+ pharmacokinetics.
Reported population / model
Human
Reported study details
100-1000mg oral · Single dose pharmacokinetics · Dose-dependent NAD+ elevation
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
8NMN Efficacy in Middle-Aged Adults (2022)Pep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Pep-Pedia reports: An oral NMN trial reported NAD-related and physical-performance changes; results cannot be assumed for a different NAD+ preparation.
Reported population / model
Human
Reported study details
300-900mg oral daily · 60 days · Multicenter RCT
Reported by Pep-Pedia; the linked publication, design, doses and result have not been independently verified here.
Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12
9Pep-Pedia: NAD+ — reported pharmacokineticsReference estimate; not independently verified human PKCommunity source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Lists a half-life of 45 min and a peak time of 30 min. Stated attribution: Various NAD+ infusion studies. This value is reported by a secondary reference. The stated attribution has not been independently verified as a route- and formulation-matched human PK measurement. Five half-lives is not complete clearance, and the source’s “cleared” value is not used as a measured endpoint.
Secondary reference page checked; the underlying quantitative claim is not independently confirmed. · Checked 2026-10-12
10Pep-Pedia: NAD+ — route-specific referenceReference page checked; underlying claims require separate verification.Community source checked
AI-PREPARED SUMMARY
Source page checked across available routes. Protocols, cycles, storage, mechanisms and pairing claims are secondary reports; checking the page does not independently validate those claims. Original concise summaries are used here.
Content coverage audit · Checked 2026-10-12